System Thinking and Action Research Free Essays

string(258) " of change and knowledge outcomes versus community based participatory action research where those affected by the change and other important stakeholders participate in all stages of the research from design, implementation, and data gathering to analysis\." System Theory and Action Research Susan M Ross Dr. Tyler Zerwekh September 15, 2012 Abstract Public health practices and policies are largely influenced by the population involved and seek to improve the overall health of the public. Achieving success in systems thinking requires making strategic decisions about what processes will best achieve the public health goals. We will write a custom essay sample on System Thinking and Action Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Systems Theory Information Technology Systems Theory evaluates the relationship between information systems, and information technology, and people. Action Research is used in the field of public health to alleviate adverse conditions in communities by addressing the determinants of health, community-wide interventions, and health promotion. Examples of Action Research evaluate the computer usage and health information technology and health collaboration groups as well as promotion of information health management techniques. An emphasis on relationship is the heart of systems orientation. Systems thinking involving humans require an understanding of the nature of the system and its dynamics requires and an understanding of the people involved and the interaction with each other in the applicable network of the system. Action Research is a participatory, democratic process concerned with developing practical knowledge in the pursuit of worthwhile human purposes, theory and practice, in participation with others in the pursuit of practical solutions to issues of pressing concern to people, and more generally the flourishing of individual persons and communities. Reason Bradbury, 2001). This paper will present a demonstration of a thorough analysis of a systems theory, action research, and an action research proposal to analyze the theory in relation to Caucasian socio-economic group. Systems Theory Fundamental systems-thinking perspectives and approaches that are shared across different fields are: (1) increased attention to how new knowledge is ained, managed, exchang ed, interpreted, integrated, and disseminated; (2) emphasis on a network-centric approach that encourages relationship-building among and between individuals and organizations across traditional disciplines and fields in order to achieve relevant goals and objectives; (3) the development of models and projections, using a variety of analytic approaches in order to improve strategic decision making; and (4) systems organizing in order to foster improvements in organizational structures and functions (Leischow, et. al, 2008). Achieving success in systems thinking requires making strategic decisions about what processes will best achieve the public health goals for the designated population and how new discoveries can be disseminated effectively, and what structures and functions are needed to deliver the new knowledge. Effective knowledge flow results in better network performance, which allow for the achievement of systems-level change. Systems organizing have evolved from traditional management theory to a learning organizational theory, or an adaptive-systems perspective within other systems environments. Information Technology Systems Theory Information Systems (IS) theory is de? ned as concepts that speculate on social and technical relationships between Information Technology, Information Systems and social outcomes. Much IS theory originated in other disciplines and has been re? ned or applied to examine IT/IS issues. IS theory would also be classified as to include the technology acceptance model (TAM) and structuration theory and IT productivity models as applied to IS/IT phenomena (Chiasson, Davidson,2004) . Over the past years public health systems have evolved significantly. As personal computers became more powerful and operating systems became more usable with the advent of Microsoft Windows, Computer information systems were updated to make use of more modern features, capabilities and software. Public health agencies began to recognize that information technology was a legitimate target for investment to improve their ability to perform core public health functions. As agencies began to upgrade replace or create new systems that were more robust and specialized using modern database management systems and tools on more reliable platforms, and the Internet began to come into its own. The Center for Disease Control promoted its first System wide area communication and system integration projects through its Information Network for Public Health Officials (INPHO) initiative in 1993. (Artz, Salkowitz, 2007). Computer technology moved fairly quickly from the glass confines of the dedicated computer room to the general-purpose office. Over the past thirty years standards for technology have become an important fixture of organizational computing life. Enforcement of standards also varies greatly depending on the political support for Information Technology (IT). As applications became more network-aware and network dependent, the need to leverage network investments became critical. Public health agencies became more ambitions as technology became more enabling. Computer Information Technology has a lot to offer Public Health agencies: existing data sets may be consolidated and population-based, including experiences negotiating data sharing agreements and memoranda of understanding. With advancing technology national and international standards are being quickly developed to guide this functionality. (Artz, Salkowitz, 2007). Standards with compliance for patient information data sharing among different agencies, and back-up systems in the event of system failure and crisis are also among the concerns for globalizing Information Systems. Action Research Action research is a collaborative approach to research that provides people with the means to take systematic action in an effort to resolve specific problems. Action research focuses on methods and techniques of investigation that take into account the study population’s history, culture, interactive activities and emotional lives. Although action research makes use of many traditional data-gathering strategies, its orientation and purpose are slightly different. The basic action research procedural routine involves four stages; (1) identifying the research question (s), (2) gathering the information to answer the questions (s), (3) analyzing and interpreting the information and (4) sharing the results with the participants (Berg, 2004). Action Research is used in the field of public health to alleviate adverse conditions in communities by addressing the determinants of health, community-wide interventions, and health promotion. Indeed, action research is less a methodology and more a set of guidelines for the roles of the researcher and collaborators, interweaving theory and action and the function of the research knowledge. There are many subtle variations and iterations of action research, but a gross distinction could be made between action research that is conducted by a researcher implementing an intervention at a community level for the dual purposes of change and knowledge outcomes versus community based participatory action research where those affected by the change and other important stakeholders participate in all stages of the research from design, implementation, and data gathering to analysis. You read "System Thinking and Action Research" in category "Essay examples" Participatory action research approaches often have the additional goal of promoting critical consciousness where through cyclical stages of dialogue participants attain a greater understanding of their situation, which in turn may result in political or major social change (Mullett, Fletcher, 20). Critics of Participatory Action Research (PAR) have questioned whether the reality of participatory research is ideal for promoting a healthy community. The language of participation in health promotion research, and the inattention to gender, social and cultural (as in the use of universal terms like â€Å"the oppressed†) differences in participation in research processes do not always comport with the outcome values of PAR. Further, while participatory approaches can stimulate capacity building and community development, they can also bring unequal players to an uneven table to participate in difficult predetermined decision making (Minkler, 2000). Action research also called participatory research is an alternative philosophy of social research. Three particular attributes are often used to distinguish participatory research from conventional research: shared ownership of research projects, community-based analysis of social problems, and an orientation toward community action. Critical action research expresses a commitment to bring together broad social analysis—the self-reflective collective self-study of practice, the way in which language is used, organization and power in a local situation, and action to improve things. Critical action research is strongly represented in the literatures of educational action research, and there it emerges from dissatisfactions with classroom action research that typically does not take a broad view of the role of the relationship between education and social change. Critical action research has attempted to take account of disadvantage attributable to gender and ethnicity as well as to social class in its initial point of reference (Kimmis, McTaggart, 2007). Examples of Action Research Lau and Hayward (1997) used an action research approach in a study to explore the structure of Internet-based collaborative work groups. Over a two-year period, the researchers participated as facilitators in three action research cycles of problem-solving among approximately 15 instructors and project staff, and 25 health professionals from various regions striving to make a transition to a more community-based health program. The aim was to explore how Internet-based communications would influence their evolution into a virtual collaborative workgroup. The first phase was taken up with defining expectations, providing the technology and developing the customized workgroup system. The next phase saw the full deployment of the system, and the main lesson learned was that the steepness of the learning curve was severely underestimated, with frustrations only minimally satisfied by a great deal of technical support provided by telephone. The final cycle saw the stabilization of the system and the emergence of the virtual groups. The interpretations of the study suggest that role clarity, relationship building, information sharing, resource support, and experiential learning are important aspects in virtual group development. There was also a sense that more research was needed on how group support systems can help groups interact with their external environment, as well as on how to enhance the process of learning by group members. Comstock and Fox (1995) have written about their experiences in integrating computer conferencing into a learning community for mid-career working adults attending a Graduate Management Program at Antioch University in Seattle. Their findings relate to establishing boundaries to interaction, creating a caring community, and building collaborative learning. Students were expected to use the system for collaborative learning using three forms of conversation – dialogue, discussion and critical reflection. Dialogues were enjoined as a result of attempts to relate classroom lessons to personal situations at work, with a better understanding provided by multiple opinions. Discussions, distinguished by the goal of making a group decision or taking an action, required a fair degree of moderation, insofar as participants found it difficult to reach closure. The process of reflecting critically on ideas was also difficult – participants rarely took the time to analyze postings, preferring a more immediate, and more superficial, conversational style. The authors conclude with four recommendations: 1) be clear about the purpose of the computer conference and expectations for use; 2) develop incentives for widespread and continuous participation; 3) pay attention to affects of the software on the way the system is used for learning; and 4) teach members of the community how to translate face-to-face collaborative processes to the on-line environment (Reason, Bradbury, 2001). Action Research Proposal The Affordable Care Act calls for a greater reliance on the internet as a means of communicating health and coverage information, yet variations in the current usage of the internet by some populations have important implications for implementation. Based on the results of The Washington Post, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University Race and Recession  Survey(2011),  six in 10 adults overall say they have ever used the Internet to access health information, and access differs by race and  income. Forty-three percent of Hispanics report having ever used the Internet to access health information, while 56 percent of blacks and 65 percent of whites report doing so. The differences are even more striking among those with lower incomes. Just three in ten Hispanics with incomes under $40,000 say they have ever used the Internet to access health information, compared with 44 percent of blacks and half of whites with similar incomes. More than 70 000 websites disseminate health information; in excess of 50 million people seek health information online, with likely consequences for the health care system. The Internet offers widespread access to health information, and the advantages of interactivity, information tailoring and anonymity. However, access is inequitable and use is hindered further by navigational challenges due to numerous design features (e. g. disorganization, technical language and lack of permanence). Increasingly, critics question the quality of online health information; limited research indicates that much is inaccurate. Meager information-evaluation skills add to consumers’ vulnerability, and reinforce the need for quality standards and widespread criteria for evaluating health information (Kline, Haynes, 2001). An action research project evaluating the effects of the information technology theory on Caucasians over a period of time would be helpful in providing evidence based research for the Information Technology Systems Theory. The research project would review a group of Caucasian males and females in the same age range, the same level of computer skills and education. The focus of the research is to determine if the majority of access to healthcare was through the use of Information Technology would it create a healthier group then a group with minimal access to healthcare period. The group would be evaluated for a year. During the time frame the group would have an in-person visit with a doctor once every six months except for an emergency. The visit would include a complete physical and required wellness checks. Follow-up visits would be via Skye or video-conferencing. The group would be deemed physically and mentally fit excluding family history of health issues. The group would be given a pass to a fitness center for a year to maintain their health, and would have to maintain contact with a nutritionist and their physician via the computer e-mail o a regular basis. The group would also have access to the Internet anytime they want for the evaluation time. The rest of the environmental and social aspects would be determined by each participate of the research project, meaning that each participates could be local or global as long as there is consistent monitoring of the all of the participates. The evaluation would incorporate Action Research and Critical Action research as some instances would take into account the social economic status of the participants. Given that the largest percentage of whites used the computer and there is a large portion of people that lack access to healthcare in all races. Minimizing variables, such as computer knowledge and education levels and providing all necessary tools to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Researchers would have options to focus the variable changes if there are any on the social economic condition of the individual participants. In conclusion Systems thinking involving humans require an understanding of the nature of the system and its dynamics requires and an understanding of the people involved and the interaction with each other in the applicable network of the system. Public health agencies began to recognize that information technology was a legitimate target for investment to improve their ability to perform core public health functions. Computer Information Technology has a lot to offer Public Health agencies: existing data sets may be consolidated and population-based, including experiences negotiating data sharing agreements and memoranda of understanding. Action research approaches can stimulate capacity building and community development in designated social status groups if the focus is correctly designated. References Arzt, N. H. Salkowitz, S. M (2007), Evolution of public health information systems: Enterprise-wide approaches, p4-6, 11-13, 18-22. Berg, B. L. , (2004), Qualitative research methods for the social sciences, retrieved on August 23, 2012, from http://digilib. bc. edu/reserves/sc210/piat/sc21007. pdf Chaisson, M. W. , Davidson, E. , (2004), Pushing the contextual envelope: developing and diffusing IS theory for health informat ion systems research, Elsevier Ltd. pg 157, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http://www. butlercommonplace. org/thoughts/images/d/d0/Chiasson_et_al_2004__Info_and_Org. df Comstock, D. , ; Fox, S. , (1995),  Ã‚   Computer conferencing in a learning community: opportunities obstacles. †Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www. seattleantioch. edu/VirtualAntioch/DRAFT7HT. HTM (14/04/1998). Kemmis, S. , McTaggart, R, (2007), Participatory action research, Communicative action and the public sphere, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http://www. corwin. com/upm-data/21157_Chapter_10. pdf Cline, R. J. W. , Haynes, K. M. , (2001) Consumer health information seeking on the Internet: the state of the art, Oxford Journals, Volume, 16, Issue 6, pp671-692, etrieved on September 13, 2012, from http://her. oxfordjournals. org/content/16/6/671. long Lau, F. , and Hayward, F. (1997). â€Å"Structuration of Internet-based collaborative work groups through action research. Retrieved on September 13, 201 2 from   http://search. ahfmr. ab. ca/tech_eval/gss. htm (11/4/1998). Leischow, S. J (2008), Systems thinking to improve the public’s health, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, retrieved on September 9, 2012, from http://dccps. nci. nih. gov/brp/scienceteam/ajpm/SystemsThinkingImprovePublicsHealth. pdf. Mullett, J. Fletcher, S. , (2011), Action research in public health, Oxford Index, retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http://oxfordindex. oup. com/view/10. 1093/obo/9780199756797-0018 Minkler, M. , (2000) Using participatory action research to build healthy communities, Public health reports, Focus on healthy communities. Retrieved on September 13, 2012, from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1308710/pdf/pubhealthrep00022-0089. pdf Reason, P. , ; Bradbury, H. (2001). Handbook of action research: participative inquiry and practice. London: SAGE. Retrieved on September 7, 2012 How to cite System Thinking and Action Research, Essays

Multicuturalism in Singapore Sociologically

Question: Discuss about the Multicuturalism in Singapore for Sociologically. Answer: Introduction Sociologically, scientists view society, culture, race, ethnicity and the individual as an integrated concept that influences the society in terms of behavior, provisions among other aspects (Chew, 2013). Collectively, the three social aspects, culture, race and ethnicity form the basis of one's identity and are unavoidable aspects of individuals, element or a society's identification at large. Singapore as a country with trends of behaviors have issues with social factors that directly affect the stipulated level of a country's relation development. Being affected by the state of rationalization to clear the most determining face of conflicts between the different races and ethnic groups, the country adopted multiculturalism model that has been of great impact in restoring peace and development objectives. A strategized management team to the model has been the main key to help observe the essence of equality among all ethnic groups and races acting as a positive nation building tea m (Lian, 2016). Adopting the act of meritocracy besides democracy and peace has also been a weapon of the country to maintain peace and unity in all angles of both relations and development. Race, Ethnicity, Culture and National Identity in Singapores Context. The race is the identification of a person or people with identified groups based on social relations, physical traits, genetic generation or ancestry ties. Classification of races varies with time as it includes taxonomies that define crucial types of individuals based on professed traits. Scientifically, its inappropriate for individuals to be defined on basis of physical looks as they can be altered depending on the environment and change of preference. Example, in this current generation there are so many artificial changes of looks and shapes making physical traits not to be a varied factor used to classify people into races and other groups. In Singapore, the ideology of race has been a great deal in that it has resulted in increased violence, loss of lives and destruction of properties especially in the past years pulling the country backward in terms of development (Barr Skrbis?, 2008). This has resulted to even the country creating a racial memorial day for those who died d uring the riots. Though the country has greatly improved the means of peace maintenance through the multiculturalism model it still faces few challenges on racial discrimination but not as common as before. An ethnicity is a group of people who identify themselves with similarities like beliefs, norms, and values, ancestral and other social or national experiences. Its commonly inherited and can be passed from one generation to another but viewed as a society benefit for personal identification. The Singaporeans are a context of mixed ethnic groups who interact at different but specific levels. Ethnicity has been anchored as the basis of racial discrimination in Singapore and in the formulation of policies affecting the countrys social institutions. Political field or rather politics has negatively influenced the issue of ethnicity and racial discrimination as people tend to support only people from their social relations (Pieris, 2009). The countrys body of leadership lead by the government has enhanced means to research on the reasons why the country faces real challenges of fighting racial discrimination. Example, the formation of Peoples Action Party (PAP) that was formed with an ai m of engaging with stakeholders to gather original information regarding Singaporeans and issues facing them relating to racism and racial discrimination and other intolerable issues of human rights. To solve this problem the country adopted multiculturalism making it a better territory for the citizens. Culture is a way of life of a given group of people, an individual, business units or even a country and is formed on basis of their beliefs, norms, and values. Singapores culture is a mixture of Asian and European cultures and is taken to be socially initiated but with complex ideas influenced by a collective responsibility. Its not a subject to discussion on whether to follow it since its a national requirement and is followed strictly as expected through carrying out cultural shows that strength its capacity as a national slogan. Among the cultural shows in Singapore are a series of musical dances performed and that contain at least an aspect of Chinese, Malay and an Indian item as a way of incorporating all the mixed European cultures. This act of cultural maintenance has been one of the greatest ways of enhancing peace and unity within and even outside the country (rnbull, 2009). By incorporating their social harmony, democracy, meritocracy and equality, the country has register ed a positive cultural adoption behavior thus playing a role in enhancing their level of development as a European country and in the world as it is ranked among the best countries with political freedom compared to ancient times. National identity is defined as national cognizance in the sense of people owning a collective image of the nation, to feel a sense of belonging in ones territory. This gives a citizen the power to respond to nations requirements as he/she is identified with the benefits as a patriotic citizen. It's normal n all independent countries for citizens to act accordingly though not all but a larger percent a factor enhanced by national identity. Singapores view of alternation between the nation-state and global city has been imposed by many conflicting demands making the dream of national identity an impossible or rather a sluggish goal to be achieved (Corfield, Mulliner, 2011). A scientist by the name Terence Chong argues that those looking for a national identity in Singapore would have to first explore and understand the policies behind the state produced national invented ideas and values. The idea was aimed at complementing the governments plan on globalizing the countrys budget with a need to enhance its development but has not been an easy task to achieve. Management of Multiculturalism in Singapore and Adopting Meritocracy Multiculturalism is the act of all societal groups either from different races, cultural groups or ethnic background respect each other on the basis of equality to be identified as one national cultural group. This is a model that has been enhanced and adopted in Singapore to help restore ethnical and inter-racial differences that result to conflicts relating to discrimination (Gomes Wee Kim Wee Centre, 2015). Its a model that is curbed by many challenges but with a strong government body acting as overseers, solutions to solve arising problems have been provided to help maintain and observe its set aims and goals. This has been greatly influenced by the social institutions of the country like in the political world, schools, business enterprises where everyone is treated equally as well as in health and in the employment sector. In Singapore, any discussion at any time and place must begin with Geoffrey Benjamins contribution that multiculturalism is at the level of public discours e to either encourage or ruin it (Zajda, 2015). The model is believed to expound on peace support and independence of the country of Singapore under the context of x colonialism to enhance the national identity of every citizen and equality at all level (Turnbull, 2009). The practice of this model has a diverted connection influenced between cultural challenges and economic equality, the idea of cultural limitation being related to colonial times and inappropriate education, personal and economic development identified with laziness and inability to be productive. Critically, this is not the case since all welfare developments are at the very first stage enhanced by peace (Kim,2014).The practice of this model of peace is underpinned by the idea of PAP of meritocracy as a government sponsored and sponsored objective. Unlike in other countries, Singapore has been in terms with internal conflicts on deciding what form of multiculturalism is to follow since its a determiner of nation bu ilding but not the main as its stipulated. Democracy, peace as aspects of meritocracy have enhanced communitarian model of multiculturalism to critically be a symbol of government support as the main management of the model opposing the idea of national conformity to one's beliefs and support. Conclusion Race, ethnicity, and culture as determinants of a societys strength, should be well valued and carefully outlined to help understand the concept of racial discrimination and ethnicity and factors that instigate them. This will be important to help enhance a peaceful coexistence and developments among people. Multiculturalism model effects on an irrational society that is guided by peace and originality of national integrity and should be therefore supported and improved as its required, with well support and action team to reach all stakeholders. References Barr, M. D., Skrbis?, Z. (2008). Constructing Singapore: Elitism, ethnicity and the nation-building project. Copenhagen: NIAS. Chew, P. G. L. (2013). Sociolinguistic history of early identities in Singapore: From colonialism to nationalism. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Corfield, J. J., Mulliner, K. (2011). Historical dictionary of Singapore. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. Gomes, C. J., Wee Kim Wee Centre. (2015). Multiculturalism through the lens: A guide to ethnic and migrant anxieties in Singapore. In Zajda, J. I. (2015). Nation-building and history education in a global culture. In Lian, K. F. (2016). Multiculturalism, migration, and the politics of identity in Singapore. Kim, N.-K. (2014). Multicultural challenges and redefining identity in East Asia. Farnham: Ashgate. Pieris, A. (2009). Hidden hands and divided landscapes: A penal history of Singapore's plural society. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press rnbull, C. M. (2009). A History of Modern Singapore, 1819-2005: Revised edition. Singapore: Singapore University Press. Turnbull, C. M. (2009). A History of Modern Singapore, 1819-2005: Revised edition. Singapore: Singapore University Press

What Matters free essay sample

Never judge a book by its cover, is one of the many wise quotes written today. This quote tells you that not everything is what it seems, and that is also true, i have an experience about it, keep reading and youll find out. During one summer day a good friend of mine, Adriane, introduced me to one of her friends, Morgan. Now, keep in mind I thought Morgan was a little on the snobby side and I also thought she was really mean, so I was scared when Adriane one day invited her over to our table. On this day, I happened to be extremely hyper and so I was talking uncontrollably as I usually do when Im hyper. So I guess that must have broken the ice between Morgan and I because since that day we have been the best of friends. I have recently figured out that Morgan, before she met me, thought the same of me, and we laughed about it for the longest time. We will write a custom essay sample on What Matters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So like I have said before, never judge a book by its cover, because one day you never know, you could end up meeting someone that can make a huge difference on your life, and Morgan definitely has done that to me.

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How To Say By the Way in Spanish

How To Say By the Way in Spanish Spanish has two common ways of introducing an afterthought, unrelated comment or offhand remark, ways that are typically translated as by the way or incidentally in English. The expressions used are a propà ³sito and por cierto, with the former being somewhat more formal. Here are some examples of their usage: Por cierto,  ¿no ests descargando mà ºsica ilegalmente? (By the way, are you downloading music illegally?) Por cierto, la valla fronteriza fue construida por Estados Unidos. (By the way, the border fence was built by the United States.) Por cierto, vamos a preparar algo para septiembre. (By the way, well be getting something ready for September.) Por cierto, la lente del telà ©fono est compuesta por cinco elementos. (Incidentally, the lens in the phone is made up of five elements.) A propà ³sito, quiero hacer una fiesta este fin de semana. By the way, I want to put together a party this weekend. A propà ³sito, la ciudad est a menos de 40 kilà ³metros de la frontera. (By the way, the city is less than 40 kilometers from the border.) A propà ³sito, tenemos ms de 40.000 alumnos. (Incidentally, we have more than 40,000 students.) Note that por cierto does not mean certainly, as you might expect. As a noun in other usages, cierto often expresses certainty. In some contexts, a propà ³sito can also mean on purpose or deliberately. (As a noun, propà ³sito typically means intention or purpose.) When used in that way, a propà ³sito typically comes after the verb instead of at the beginning of a sentence. Example: Determinaron que no fue a propà ³sito. (They determined it was not done deliberately.) A propà ³sito de also can be a way of saying with respect to, concerning or something similar. Example: Recordà © una historia que Mam me contaba a propà ³sito de mi padre. (I remembered a story Mom would tell me about my father.) Downgrading Closely related to the introduction of afterthoughts is that of minimizing or downplaying the importance of what follows. In English, this might be done using anyway, such as in Anyway, we found a restaurant that wasnt closed. Such minimizations are more common in speech than they are in writing. In Spanish, common phrases of downplaying include de todas formas, de todas maneras and de todos modos. They can be translated in a variety of ways, as these examples show: De todas formas, no me molesta que tienes muchos amigos. (In any case, it doesnt bother me that you have a lot of friends.) De todas maneras los escdalos financieros generan un impacto reputacional. Anyway, the financial scandals are having an impact on reputation. De todos modos, le gustarà ­a volver a tener su propia casa. (In any event, she would like to return to her own home.) All three of these Spanish phrases can be used interchangeably with no significant changes of meaning, much like the English phrases used above. Especially in speech, it is also common to use words such as nada and/or bueno something like  filler words for a similar effect: Bueno nada, queria compartir con ustedes mi tatuaje. (Anyway, I want to share my tattoo with you.) Bueno, quizs podamos  hacer una excepcià ³n. (OK then, maybe we can make an exception.)

Give an argument for legalizing active euthanasia and an argument Essay

Give an argument for legalizing active euthanasia and an argument against it - Essay Example To start with, euthanasia denies the basic right of a human for the appropriate treatment and life and therefore, weakens the respect for it. Regardless of the type of euthanasia, whether it is passive or active, its essence lies in performing action that leads to either letting one die or to killing a person rather than offering healthcare, providing medical and emotional support, of which patients are in need. (Ebrahimi, 2012) As a result, the sanctity and respect of human life becomes devaluated and human ethics – challenged as far as people no longer question the personal capacity to make decisions concerning patients’ lives. Furthermore, the procedure of euthanasia should be regarded as a violation of duties of medical professionals, who are aimed at saving lives, not depriving of them. According to the International Code of Medical Ethics, doctors are expected to â€Å"always bear in mind the obligation of preserving human life from the time of conception until death.† ("Twelwe reasons why," 2015) Similarly, adhering to the Hippocratic Oath specialists promise not to give â€Å"deadly medicine to anyone if asked, nor suggest such counsel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Yin Au, 2010) Thereof, doctors are obliged to apply efforts to prolong the life of a patient possibly long rather than choosing the easier path – euthanasia. Taking it into consideration, the right of medical specialists to be engaged in this procedure remains doubtful. In addition, it is obvious that the legalization of euthanasia can place pressure on terminally ill and the elderly to resort to it for the sake of not being a burden for others. Facing a deadly illness or entering particular age when the end of life seems to be approaching, a person may feel like being obliged to resort to euthanasia in order not to feel guilty for creating inconveniences for the family, even though being morally opposed to and, in fact, not wanting euthanasia. (Ebrahimi, 2012) By this, patients with similar diagnosis

Basic LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Basic LAW - Essay Example The business that has been decided to be set up is that of transport business. This business operation will deal with lending car on rental basis to the tourists’ companies which operates with planning trips for the tourists. Australia is an attractive location for the tourists and thus holds good scope for the business. The cars will be bought new for providing them on rental to the tourists’ companies. The business will operate on the type of â€Å"sole trader†. Thus the aim of this paper is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of sole trading business along with the other forms for comparing and thus to justify this choice of the business form. The name of the business would be â€Å"Lark Travels†. Lark is the name of a songbird. The benefits and the drawbacks of registering names for business will also be evaluated in this paper. Sole Trader Business: Advantages, Disadvantages, Legal Requirements and Liabilities of the Party Sole trader which h as been selected as the form of the business is known to be as the most inexpensive and the simplest structure to be set up. The best way to have a business name is to have it by the trader’s own name; otherwise the trader needs to register the business name with Consumer Affairs Victoria. The sole trader holds the entire liability of the business. The liability holding does not vary in case if the business is registered with a name other than his or her name. An income declaration is essential to be included by the sole trader; the income which is earned from the business. A business plan is required in case the sole trader is opting for taking loan from any of the financial institutions. The tax is paid by the sole trader at a rate of personal tax, although he or she may be required to pay provisional tax. The liability of sole trader business is unlimited and can even broaden up to sole trader’s personal assets inclusive of any assets which are owned jointly with an other person. The advantage of sole trader business is that it bears low fees of establishment. The entire control over the business lies with the sole trader and he enjoys the entire profit from the business. During low business profits, there exist taxation advantages. There is applicability of less legislation in this business form. The only two legislations applicable are Contract Law and Tax Assessment Act. Despite the advantages, the sole trading business can pose as a risk towards the trader’s personal finances. The capital deems limited by the sole trader’s personal assets and also there prevails limited expertise of the trader. He is subjected to unlimited legal liability and he is solely responsible for all the debts and liabilities. At times, it may become hard to ‘pass on ownership’1. Partnership Business: Advantages, Disadvantages, Legal Requirements and Liabilities of the Parties Partnership businesses are similar to the sole trader busin